cells skin cells
Aug, 2006, Pro. Yamanaka ’s laboratory in Kyoto produced ‘pluripotent cells’
Nov, 2007, the first Human iPS cells
iPS cells are a type of pluripotent stem cell
artificially derived from a differentiated cell,
by inducing a “forced” expression of Certain genes!
Mechanism of
cancer production
①disorder of protein gene that sets ‘b
Ⅰ. 서 론
최근까지 우리나라를 포함하여 전 세계적으로 가장 각광받고 있었던 유망한 업종은 인터넷을 포함한 정보통신 분야였다. 하지만 이러한 정보통신 분야의 차세대 주자로 최근 새롭게 대두되고 있는 분야가 있는데 바로 `생명공학` 즉 Bio-tech 산업이다. 특히 얼마 전 인간 게놈지도의 해독 이
classification
-More than 30 staphylococcal species are pathogenic.
-A simple strategy for identification of the more clinically important species is outlined in Fig. 135-2.
-Staphylococci is responsible for both nosocomial and community-based infections
-S. aureus is a part of the normal human flora; 25–50% of healthy persons may be persistently or transiently colonized.
-coagul
Introduction of Endostatin
암이란 무엇인가?
발암물질, 바이러스 또는 유전적 변이로 인해
비정상적으로 증식한 세포의 덩어리
생체 내에서의 특징
조절되지 않는 증식
Apoptosis하지 않음
자체적인 혈관생성
혈관 등을 타고
다른 조직으로 이동 가능
암 치료를 위한 연구 방향
최초의 신
production
(+) Exercise intolerance
PFT
Prebronchodilator FEV1= 2.98 L
(predicted is 4.02 L)
Postbronchodilator FEV1 = 2.75 L
FVC= 4.5 L
1) FEV1/FVC ratio
FEV1/FVC=2.98/4.5=~0.66 로 약 66%
>> 이 값이 75%이하이므로 Obstruction
2) FEV1%
(post-bronchodilator FEV1기준)
FEV1 %계산시 2.75/4.02=0.684로 약 68%
따라서 50%< FEV1<80% 이
degeneration and regeneration of muscle fibers + reaction to those changes (infiltration by fat and connective tissue); no abnormal storage of metabolic products.
4. All symptoms are effects of striated muscle weakness (heart and visceral muscles may also be involved).
5. Weakness becomes progressively worse (i.e. not static – vs. congenital myopathies, metabolic myopathies).
Development background
2. History of development
1960s
Discovery of colony-stimulating factors (CSF)
1980s
GM-CSF, M-CSF, G-CSF and multi-CSF
The human G-CSF was cloned
Usage for the treatment at first
1990s
first approval of Filgrastim by the US Food and Drug Administration
Launched Lenograstim
2000s
Launched PEG-filgrastim
cells and are thus interchangeably called urothelial or transitional tumors, but squamous and glandular carcinomas also occur. Here, we discuss the urothelial cell tumors in some detail and only touch on the others.
1. Urothelial (Transitional Cell) Tumors
- These represent about 90% of all bladder tumors and run the gamut from small, benign lesions that might never recur to aggressive cancer